Lung cancer is a malevolent tumour of the lungs. Generally it is bronchogenic carcinoma (about 90%). Lung cancer is the most poisonous malevolent tumour universally, causing up to 3 million deaths.
Disclosure to carcinogens, such as those present in tobacco smoke, immediately causes small changes to the tissue lining the bronchi of the lungs. This result is increasing, and ultimately with constant exposure more and more tissue becomes damaged until a tumour grows. If the tumour developes inwards it can hinder the air passageway, results in breathing difficulties. The lungs can then failed and infections can increase, leading to lung abscess. The patient here would begin to cough up blood-stained substance. Though, if the tumour grows outwards in to the lung it can not even be observed by the patient before it begin s to spread to other portion of the body.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer -
Initial symptoms of lung cancer can be like to those of later signs. Usual symptoms include:

• coughing up blood
• a bad, constant cough
• panting
• chest pains
• weight loss or loss of appetite
• short breathing
• a croaky voice
• Exhaustion

Depending on the kind of tumor, so-called paraneoplastic phenomena can primarily draw attention to the disease. In lung cancer, this sign can be Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome which is a muscle weakness due to auto-antibodies, hypercalcemia and SIADH. Tumors in the upper (apex) of the lung, identified as Pancoast tumors, can attack the local part of the concerned nervous system, leading to altered sweating patterns and eye muscle harms (a combination known as Horner’s syndrome), as well as muscle weakness in the hands due to assault of the brachial plexus.
Different Forms of lung cancer
There are two key types of lung cancer categorised by the mass and manifestation of the malevolent cells seen by a histopathologist under a microscope: small and non-small cell lung cancer. This classification while based on plain pathomorphological criteria has very significant implications for clinical administration and prediction of the disease.

Metastatic Lung Cancer
Small cell lung cancer
Small cell carcinoma which is also known as oat cell carcinoma is the unusual type of lung cancer, making up 20% of cases. It tends to found in the larger breathing tubes and develops rapidly becoming very large. The oncogene most usually involved is the L-myc. The “oat” cell contains solid neurosecretory granules which produce this an endocrine/paraneoplastic syndrome organization.
Non-small cell lung cancer
Epidermoid carcinoma (or Squamous cell carcinoma) too begins in the bigger breathing tubes but developes slower meaning that the mass of these tumours differs when on diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoma or for slower growing types alveolar cell cancer is a type which begins by the gas-exchanging surface of the lung. It is less densely related to smoking.
Large cell carcinoma is a quick -developing type that develops by the surface of the lung.

What is Anal Cancer

The main type of anal cancer is Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus.

The anus is a canal that connects the lower part of the large intestine (rectum) to the outside of the body. It allows the faeces to pass from the large intestine during a bowel movement. Faeces are formed in the longest part of the large intestine (colon), stored in the rectum, and pass through the anus. Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus forms from the lining of the anal canal. They are the most common type of anal cancer.

Who gets Anal Cancer?

Anal cancer is fairly rare. In young people anal cancer is more common in men. The average age for anal cancer sufferers is 60 years of age.

Predisposing Factors

Many people believe anal cancer is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus. Predisposing factors include:
# Smoking.
# HIV
# Lowered immunity.
# Increased sexual activity.
# Fistulas (abnormal openings).

Progression

Anal cancer spreads by local invasion initially, and then via the lymphatics - with inguinal, pelvic, para-aortic and iliac nodes being the most common sites of early anal cancer spread.

Probable Outcomes

Anal cancer prognosis depends upon the size of the anal tumour, where the anal tumour is and whether it has spread to the lymph nodes.

How is Anal Cancer Diagnosed?

Signs of anal cancer are checked through routine blood tests for anaemia and infection.

How is Anal Cancer treated?

Anal cancer treatment depends upon the stage of the anal cancer and the level of local and extended involvement. Anal surgery is generally conducted, either local resection or an abdominoperineal resection.

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are employed if the cancer is in any of the later stages.

Chemotherapy for anal cancer typically involves:

* Mitomycin C 10 mg/m2 IV day 1 only
* 5-Fluorouracil 800 mg/m2/day continuous infusion days 1-4 and 43-46

* Radiotherapy for anal cancer typically involves: Initial phase 4 week 36 Gy
* A 2 week break
* Second phase 1/2 to 2 weeks (varies) 14.4-18 Gy
(Some radiation oncologists do not have the break. In week 5, 5FU is infused)

Regimens Used in the Treatment of This Disease:

* Capecitabine + Oxaliplatin
* Mitomycin
* Topotecan

Drugs/Products Used in the Treatment of This Disease:

* Fluorouracil Injection BP
(Fluorouracil)

* Mitomycin C Kyowa
(Mitomycin)

What is Adrenal Gland Cancer

Adenocarcinoma is a malignant (one that can spread throughout the body) cancer of the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are paired organs that sit on top of the kidneys in the back of the upper abdomen. The adrenal cortex (the outer layer of the adrenals) is part of the endorcrine system. It secretes hormones to deal with stress (glucocorticoids), hormones to deal with water, salt and blood pressure control (aldosterone) and also some sex hormones. Some cancers of the adrenal gland also produce these hormones, which in excessive amounts cause a distinctive set of symptoms.

Who gets Adrenal Gland Cancer?

Adrenal gland cancer (Adrenocorticol carcinomas) is rare (1 in 2,000,000 of all cancers). They occur at any age including childhood, however the median age is 44 years.

Predisposing Factors

The cause of adrenal gland cancer unknown.

Progression

Adrenal gland cancer (Adrenocorticol carcinomas) tend to metastasise or spread early on. This occurs through the blood and lymph. Distant growth often occurs within the lungs and other internal organs. Metastases within bones is rare.

Probable Outcomes

Adrenal gland cancer prognosis depends upon the size of the tumour and how successful surgery is in removing it. Many drenal gland cancer tumours have spread beyond the adrenals by the time they are diagnosed.

How is Adrenal Gland Cancer Diagnosed?

Blood and urine testing for hormone levels is used in the detection of adrenal gland cancer

How is Adrenal Gland Cancer treated?

Adrenal gland cancer treatment is based on a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy depending on the stage and spread of tumour. Adrenal gland cancer surgery will remove adrenals and any surrounding lymph nodes or tissues that are affected by the cancer (an Adrenalectomy). Chemotherapy uses the drug Mitotane to target the adrenal gland specifically. Radiotherapy is used to combat aggressive tumours.

Drugs/Products Used in the Treatment of This Disease:

* Mitotane
(Mitotane)